Formation of concrete buildings



Oct. 8, '1929. E. w; ROSE FORMATION OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS Filed July 20. 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet r ll a :1 {1 ZT In 21212501 .27. WEE E Oct. 8, 1929. E. w. ROSE FORMATION OF CONCRETE BUILDIIGS Filed July 26. 192 s Sheets-Sheet w 4 M m F i: 3------ ........1 1 3 m w m M Oct. 8, 1929. E. w. ROSE I FORMATION OF CONCRETE-BUILDINGS 3 Shets-Sheet Filed July 20. 1926' In 75.12 far .5 .WHQ

0 iyfi Patented Oct. 8, 1929 FFEQE ERNEST WALTER ROSE, OF RESERVOIR, AUSTRALIA FORMATION OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS Application filed July 20, 1928, Serial No. 123,750, and. in Australia August 18, 1925.

This invention relates to improvements in or relating to the formation of concrete buildings and refers especially to the construction of hollow concrete walls-that is to say, walls 5 in which cavities are formed-by the aid of moulds or forms which, when placed inposition will permit the concrete to be poured con tinuously or in one operation from floor to ceiling.

The object of the present invention is to provide improvements in the construction of moulds or forms and means for easily and conveniently erecting and dismantling the same whereby hollow Walls may be erected 15 for the construction of a building with greater facility than heretofore and to make provision for ensuring a satisfactory ventilation of the spaces within the hollow walls and below the floors of a building.

I accomplish the abovementioned objects by providing foundations, having means on the top thereof to correctly align the forms or moulds for constructing the inner and outsections of the walls and in providing vents in the said foundations adapted to communicate with the space between the inner and outer sections of the wall.

The invention also embodies means for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings,

comprising in combination with exterior forms, vertical or approximately vertical rows of ties adapted to connect the inner and outer sections of the walls together, two or more opposed pairs of interior forms arranged between adjacent vertical rows of ties, removable locking bars inserted between and adapted to retain the interior forms the required distance apart to determine the width of the wall cavity, and means for effecting a close junction between adjacent forms to prevent seepage.

In. order that theinvention, the object and nature of which have been set forth, may

be readily understood, reference will now be had to the accompanying sheets of explanatory drawings wherein Figure 1 is a view in section end elevation of a lintel and part of a hollow concrete wall with moulds or forms in position and constructed in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is a view in side elevation of a lintel and portion of the wall and moulds or forms shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a view in plan of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a view in sectional end elevation of a modified form of lintel. or beam.

Figure 5 is a view in perspective of portion of the interior moulds or forms and is drawn to a lar 'er scale than the preceding figures.

Figure 6 is a view in sectional side elevation taken on the line 66 of Figue 1.

Figures 7 and 8 are detail views of tubular wall ties used in connection with the in-- vention.

Figure 9 is a view in perspective similar to Figure 5 of another portion of the interior form.

Figure 10 is a view in plan of portion of a lintel or beam.

Figure 11 is a view in plan showing those portions of the moulds or forms for constructing a corner of a building.

Figures 12 and 13 are views in sectional end elevation showing modifications of portions of interior moulds or forms and hereinafter will be fully described.

Figure 14- is a view in plan of portion of a wall. and moulds or forms constructed of metal and made in accordance with the invention.

Figure 15 is a view in plan of portion of the interior form shown in Figure 1d and drawn to a larger scale.

Figure 16 is a view in plan illustrating a modification in construction of the corner portion of an internal mould or form, and hereinafter will be fully described.

Figure 17 is a view in plan showing dia grammatically a further modification of the invention and hereinafter is fully described.

In proceeding to the construction of a building in accordance with the invention, the foundations are laid in the usual way either continuously or interruptedly; in the latter case (which is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings) suitable pillars or columns 20 are provided to carry lintels 22 upon which the walls 21 are formed.

hen the foundation has set, the lintels or beams 22 are placed end to end around the whole length thereof and the same are correctly aligned both vertically and horizontally by placing cement grouting or packing beneath the same. The lintels or beams 22 are preferably connected together by means of tie bars (not shown) or if desired they may be moulded in position on the job in such a manner as to eii'ect a continuous structure.

The lintels or beams 22 are slightly wider than the wall 21 and their upper surfaces are formed with longitudinally disposed raised portions 23 which align with and are of the same width as the two sections of the wall 21 to be built. These longitudinally disposed raised portions serve as locating abutments for the lower ends of outer forms 2 ant. internal forms 25 which extend the whole length of the lintels or beams.

Suitable damp courses 26 are placed on the longitudinally disposed raised portions 23, or alternatively, in the case of continuous foundations the damp course may be placed below the lintels or beams 22. If desired the damp courses 26 may be moulded upon and form a part of the said lintels or beams 22.

If desired the longitudinally disposed raised portions 23 may be formed on the top of the foundation and in this construction the separately formed lintels or beams 22 are dispensed with.

The lintels 22 or foundations are formed with. a longitudinally extending channel or sump 27 which is disposed in line with the wall cavity and is adapted to accommodate any thin or watery concrete that may pass between the internal forms 25, thus avoiding accumulation of the same around the lower ends of the internal forms in such a manner as to interfere with or prevent their subsequent withdrawal.

Furthermore, as the sump or channel 27 is disposed well below the damp courses 26 the accumulation of thin concrete cannot collect above the course and form a leakage path. for moisture by bridging the two portions of the wall 21 above the damp courses.

A series of vertical vents or outlets which communicate with the sump 27 are formed in. the lintels or beams 22 and the same serve to discharge any leakage of concrete which might accumulate in the said sump or channel 27.

It will be understood that the sumps do not necessarily take the form of continuous channels as shown in the drawings, as they may with equal facility comprise a series of separate troughs formed in the lintels or foundations, each of which may be provided with vents or discharge outlets.

Grating or netting (not shown) is preferably placec over the vents 28 in order to prevent the entrance vermin and if desired the said grating or netting may be inserted in the lintels during the course of manufacture.

i l hen continuous foundations are adopted horizontal vents 29 are provided in the lintels or beams 22 in lieu of the vertical vents 28 and the same are preferably provided with covers 30 (see Figures 1 and 2.)

The lintels 22 are also provided on one side with continuous ledges 22' which are adapted to support the ends of the floor joists 31 when timber floors are used.

In a modified construction (see Figure 4) the lintels or beams may be composed of two members 22 and 22 which are connected one to the other by means of ties 32 the space between the said members serving as a vent and a passage for watery concrete.

The opposed sections of the wall 21 are held together by means of ties 33 which are arranged in vertical or approximately vertical rows as shown clearly in Figures 1, 2 and 6 of the drawings.

llhe outer forms 24 are held in position by means of bolts 35 and in order that the latter may be i .adrawn without difliculty after the concrete forn'iing the walls has set, the ties 33 are preferably of tubular construction and are adapted to accommodate the said bolts. 'p in the inner and outer sections of the v. is they may be fitted or formed with projections or collars The bolts 35 are adapted to retain brackets 36 in position on the said outer forms and the said brackets are provided with bracing bars 37 of wood or other material which bear against and prevent bulging or other movement of the outer forms 24:.

The tubular ties may, if desired, be formed with flared ends 33 (see Figures 1, 7 and 8) in order to obtain a firmer grip in the walls and when the ends are fiared or bellmouthed, the projections 34 may be dispensed with (see Figure 8).

The tubular ties are preferably placed .in such positions that when the walls are .inoulded andthe forms removed wood plugs 38 (Figure 7) may be driven into the ends thereof so that skirting boards, picture raillugs and architraves or the like may be conveniently secured thereto.

Any tubular ties 33 which are not required for the last mentioned purpose may be plugged with cementand finished off in the usual way after the bolts 35 are withdrawn.

If desired tie bar 39 shown in chain-dotted lines in Figure 1 may beiused in lieu of tubular ties 38 where'the latter are not requi red.

Two or more sets of internal core f rms 25 are preferably inserted between each a d; pair of vertical rows of ties 33 and the ed of the forms situated farthest from the d rows of ties 33 are separated by means of flu ps or extensions 4.10 which are attached to one of each pair of internal forms 25 by hinges 41 (see Figures 3, 6 and 9).

"in or er that the ties may have a firm The edges of the internal core forms lying along the rows of ties 33 are provided with notches or gaps 33 which are adapted to accommodate the said ties.

The internal forms 25 are preferably constructed of a series of suitably braced horizontally or vertically disposed boards extending the full height of the wall 21 and held together by means of battens 42. Vertical members 43 (preferably V-shaped) are secured to the edges of the forms adjacent to the vertical rows of ties 33 and the same are also provided with gaps or notches 33 which are adapted to accommodate the said tics (see Figure Each pair of opposed V-shaped members 43 is adapted to be engaged by a corresponding 1y shaped removable bar a l which may be provided with end pieces 4-5 adapted to retain the forms 25 in position until the concrete is poured.

Removable locking bars 46 are adapted to be placed between the battens a2 and V-shaped members 4:3, and the same are fitted with antii riction rollers 17 which bear outwardly on the internal forms 25. If desired, anti-triotion rollers 43 can be fitted to the locking bars l6 so as to bear against the removable bars 14 in order to facilitate the removal oi the said locking bars when the walls have set.

The locking bars 16 may be parallel but, if desired, they may be tapered slightly in order that they may be removed with greater treedom.

The edges of the internal forms remote from the ties 33 are maintained the requisite distance apart by means of locking bars 49 fitted with anti-friction rollers 50 which preterably engage metal plates 51 slidably inser"- ed against the hinged fiaps40 (Figure 9).

The locking bars 46 and 49 are fitted with bars 52 having holes 53 therein adapted to receive lifting tackle but it will be understood that the locking bars may be fitted with any other suitable device adapted to facilitate the removal of the same.

The contiguous sections of the internal forms are preferably held together by means of bolts 62 and 63 which are inserted when the locking bars have been placed in position.

Although the drawings indicate constructions wherein each set of forms extends the full height of the walls, they may, if desired, be made in two or more series of forms placed one on top of the other in order to etfect the same result.

In constructing the corner of a building a key54: may be utilizes the same being pro vided with anti-friction rollers 55 adapted to transmit pressure to the outer members of the internal forms 25 and to bearing members 56 which bear against the battens 42 positioned adjacent thereto; Locking bars l6 may also he provided and these bars are positioned as close as possible to the corner.

Angle shaped members 58 and 59 may be fitted to the forms 25 to prevent seepage.

When the inner and outer forms have been erected to the full height of the ceiling shown in the drawings the concrete is po red and when the same has set the outer forms are removed by first withdrawing the bolts 35 and removing the brackets 36 and braein 32''.

The locking bars 46 and 4:9 and co 54 of the inner forms are then remo the bolts 62 and 63 have been w lifting tackle being used for this 1 necessary and when the same are ietioved the bars 4%., metal plates 51 and bearin main bers 56 maybe taken out without diidculty whereby the opposed sections oi the fertile may be moved away from the faces oi? the cavity in the wall.

in order that the forms 25 may clear the ties 33, the hinged flaps d0 are folded back as indicated in chain dot ll red lines at il) in .u i ures 3 and 9'so that the terms may be moved longitudinally as shown in Figiiire (S away from the ties so that the terms can then be moved by lifting them vertically tom cavity in the formed wall.

It will be understood that the bars 44 and plates 51 are not essential parts of the construction as they serve mainly to prevent seepage of thin concrete through the joints between the form sections, and as beforementioned any concrete that does pass into the cavity is collected in or drains from the sump or channel 27 below the damp courses 25.

In a modified form of the invention (see Figure 12) the locking bar 46 may be made in two oppositely tapered sections 46 and 46 having anti-friction rollers l? inserted therebetween and fitted to one or other 01 the said sections.

Similarly Figure 13 is a sectional end ele vation of a modified form of locking bar 49 which is made in two oppositely tapered sections 49 and 49 having anti-friction rollers 50 inserted therebetween.

If desired, the corner keys 5% may also be made in two oppositely tapered sections as indicate-d by chain dotted lines in Figure 11..

The outer forms 2% and the inner forms 25 may be lined with sheet metal (see dotted lines at 25, Figure 5) in order that the same may be removed from the wall with greater freedom when the walls have set.

In order to prevent the locking bars or other members associated with the internal forms from falling into the sump or trough, projections may be formed on the lintes or beams 22 (Figure 10) to support the lower ends of the same, or alternatively the width or the sump may be reduced to edect the same purpose.

lVhen it is desired to construct the torms of metal plates they may be arranged indicated in Figures 1a and 15 wherein the locking bars 46 and 49, the corner keys 54 and the hinged flaps are made of wood as in the construction previously described.

The bearing members 56 are preferably fitted with steel plates 56 which talre the thrust of the rollers and the angle iron stili eners or battens 31 and the ends of the metal forms at the corners may be fitted with vertically disposed angle shaped members 58 and 5.9,to prevent leakage of the concrete.

l igure 16 illustrates an alternative design of form for forming a corner of a building and in this construction the sections of the forms 25 are hingedly connected together and are maintained in position at the top and bottom by removable blocks 64.. Locking bars 46 indicated on the one side in chain dotted lines are also preferably positioned as near to the corner as practicable.

V fhen the locking bars and blocks ea are removed the hinged forms may be opened away from the walls as shown so that they can be easily removed from the cavity.

Figure 17 indicates in plan a modified. form f the invention wherein three opposed pairs of inner forms 25 are disposed between adjacent vertical or approximately vertical rows of ties 83, looking bars 4:6 which may be solid or formed in oppositely tapered sections being inserted therebetween. in this construction, the flaps or extensions d0 are dispensed with as in dismantling the central opposed pair of forms are removed from the cavity first, thus allowing the necessary endwise movement of the forms engaging the ties lit is obvious that two or more storied buildings could be constructed in accordance with the invention without diliiciulty; for example when the walls between the ground and first "floors have been erected and the forms therefor dismantled a further series of lintels or beams (preferably of the type shown in Figure having longitudinally disposed raised portions 23 formed thereon may be fitted to the top of the wall in order to align with the wall sections to be built thereon and locate the terms therefor.

Alternatively the longitudinally disposed raised portions may be formed on top of the v-rall. sections disposed between the ground and the first floors ot the building and in this case longitudinally extending battens may be removabiy fitted to the wall near the top thereoi in order to locate the forms for the wall extending between the first floor and the ceiling thereof.

The advantages o1 forming walls upon lintels or beams mounted on foundations or upon pillars or columns and having longitudinally extending troughs or sumps therein as above described are that the said lintels or beams can be readily set in horizontal and vertical alignment and the forms erected correctly thereon to permit of the walls being constructed quite plumb without necessitating an undue adjustment or manipulation of the parts; the sump prevents the accu1nulation of thin concrete above the damp courses, and furthermore, the vents ensure a good ventilation throughout the wall cavity.

A further advantage accruing from the construction of buildings in accordance with the presentinvention is due to the saving of material in the damp courses which comprise (in the present invention) two relatively narrow strips extending around the buildinstead of a single strip the full width of the wall as in the usual building construction. As a result of the smaller amount of n'iatei'ial required, sheet zinc or the like, which is often prohibitive on the grounds of expense, may be utilized for the damp courses.

l claim:

1. in devices tor erecting concrete build- "s having hollow walls, the inner and outer ons ot' which are adapted to be connected tical or approximately vertical rows of cs, two or more opposed pairs of interior 7. ms ari singed between adjacent rows of ties, notches in contiguous edges of the forms to accon'unodate the wall ties, removable spacing inen'ibers between edges of the forms remote iJOl'l'l the wall ties and adapted when moved to l "e -mit of longitudinal movement of the ms in the wall cavity, and removable lock in bars adapted to retain the interior forms a required distance apart.

2. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings, the combination, with exterior forms, of vertical or approximately vertical rows of ties adapted to connect the opposed sections of the walls together, two or more opposed pairs of interior forms ar ranged between adjacent rows of ties, removable loeking bars inserted between and adapted to retain the interior forms the required distance apart to determine the width 01" the wall. cavity, notches adapted to accommodate the ties, formed in one end of each of the interior forms and hinged flaps or extensions attached to the internal forms and adapted to space the same longitudinally whereby when the hinged flaps are swung inwardly away from the wall the forms are capable of endwise movement to clear the ties.

8. ln means for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings, interior and outer forms adapted to be supported by ledges formed on a foundation, vertical rowsot ties adapted to connect opposed sections of the walls together, two or more opposed pairs of internal forms arranged between adjacent rows of ties, notches in the edges of the forms adapted to accommodate the ties, flaps or extentions hinged to the forms intermediate the rows of ties and adapted, when folded inwardly away from wall, to allow of longitudinal movement of the forms to clear the ties, and locking bars inserted between each opposed pair of internal forms.

l. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings having vertical or approximately vertical rows of ties connecting the inner and outer sections of a wall, two or more opposed pairs of interior forms arranged between and having notched edges accommod Iing adjacent rows of ties, locking members rpted to retain the forms a required distance apart, and hinged flaps or extensions attached to the edges of the forms remote from the ties and adapted to space the said forms longitudinally whereby when the hinged flaps are swung inwardly away from the wall the forms are capable of end move ment to clear the ties.

5. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings, the combination, with exterior forms, of vertical or approximately vertical rows of ties connecting the inner and outer sections of the wall, two or more opposed pairs of interior forms arranged between the adjacent rows of ties, locking elements inserted between and adapted to retain the opposed pairs out interior forms a required distance apart, and means for retaining the contiguous or adjacent edges of the interior forms close together in juxtaposition when erected.

(5. In the construction of concrete buildings as claimed in claim 1, bolts adapted to hold the adjacent inner forms together.

7. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings having vertical or approximately vertical rows of ties connecting the inner and outer sections of the wall, two or more opposed pairs of interior forms arranged between adjacent rows of ties, removable looking elements inserted between and adapted to retain the interior forms a required distance apart, and cover members on the inside 01 the joints between the internal forms to pre vent seepage.

8. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings having vertical or approximately vertical rows 01 ties connecting the inier and outer sections of the wall, two or more opposed pairs of interior forms arranged between adjacent rows of ties, removable looking elements inserted between and adapted to retain the interior forms a required distance apart, vertical V-shaped members secured near to the vertical edges of the forms adj acent the rows of ties, and correspondingly shaped removable bars adapted to engage the if-shaped members and seal the joints to prevent seepage 9. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings having vertical or approximately vertical rows of ties connecting the inner and outer sections of the wall, two or more opposed pairs of interior forms arranged between adjacent rows of ties, re-

' movable locking elements inserted between and adapted to retain the interior forms a required distance apart, and oppositely tapered locking bars adapted to bear against each other and retain the interior forms at a required distance apart.

10. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buidings having vertical or approximately vertical rows of ties connecting the inner and outer sections of the wall, two or more opposed pairs of interior forms arranged between adjacent rows of ties, removable locking elements inserted between and adapted to retain the interior forms a required distance apart, pairs of oppositely tapered locking bars adapted to bear against the inner forms, and antietriction rollers positioned between each pair of locking bars.

11. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings, the combination with exterior and interior forms 01" tubular wall ties adapted to extend through and connect the inner and outer sections of a wall, bolts passing through the tubular ties, and through the exterior forms, brackets retained in position on the exterior forms by means of the said bolts and bracing bars supported by the brackets.

12. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings, the combination with ex terior and interior forms extending from the floor level to the ceiling, of means for forming the corner of a wall comprising a rectangular key adapted to be inserted between the interior forms and co-acting with bearing members to retain the angle portions of the interior forms in position.

13. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings, the combination with the subject matter of claim 1 of means for forming the corner of a wall comprising a rectangular key formed of two or more oppositely tapered portions having anti-frictional. members located therebetween to facilitate their removal from a wall cavity, battens on the interior forms and bearing members interposed between the keys and the battens for retaining the interior forms in position.

1a. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings, the combination with exterior and interior forms extending from the floor level to the ceiling, of means for forming the corner comprising a rectangular key adapted to be inserted between the interior forms and co-acting with bearing members to retain the angle portions of the interior forms in position, and rollers on the exterior of the key or bearing members adapted to facilitate the insertion and withdrawal of the same.

15. In devices for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings having a series of opposed pairs of interior forms, hinged connections between the interior forms at an angle of a wall, and locking bars adapted to retain the interior terms at a desired distance apart constructed and arranged whereby when the locking bars are removed the corner forms may be moved away from the inner faces of the wall cavity to permit of the forms being readily removed therefrom.

16. In means for erecting hollow walls of concrete buildings upon foundations having longitudinally disposed raised portions arranged between inside and outside ledges, exterior forms supported on the ledges 011 the outsides of the raised portions, groups of opposed pairs of interior forms resting upon the ledges on the insides of the parallel raised portions, vertically disposed rows of ties supported by the meeting edges of adjacent groups of interior forms, removable looking elements inserted between and adapted to retain the interior forms a required distance apart, notches in the meeting edges of adjacent groups of interior forms to accommodate the wall ties, removable spacing members between edges of the forms remote from the wall ties, and adapted, when. removed, to permit longitudinal movement of the forms in the wall cavity, and removable locking bars adapted to retain the interior forms a required distance apart.

17 In means for erecti'nghollow walls of concrete buildings upon foundations having longitudinally disposed raised portions arranged between inside and outside ledges, a sump orchannel located between the raised ortions interior and outer forms ada ted to be supported by the ledges, vertical rows of ties adapted to connect opposed sections of the walls together, two or more opposed pairs of internal forms arranged between adjacent rows of ties, notches in the edges of the forms adapted to accommodate the ties, flaps or ex tensions hinged to the forms intermediate the rows of ties and adapted when folded inwardly away from wall to allow of longitudinal movement of the forms to clear the ties, and locking bars inserted between each opposed pair of internal forms.

In witness whereof I hereunto afiix my signature.

ERNEST WALTER ROSE. 

